DOES GOD
HAVE A
FUTURE
PURPOSE
FOR ISRAEL?
Does God have a future purpose for Israel, or has He cut them off in His coming plans and purposes for planet earth?
Well, I think it is pretty obvious from today's first presentation by Mike that the answer to this is an emphatic YES!!!
Israel as a nation was cut off at Acts 28:28 in unbelief when the Apostle Paul pronounced the judgement upon them from Isaiah 6:9-11 (although many think it was Acts 2????).
But this was only a TEMPORARY MEASURE!! This was never going to be a PERMANENT fixture in the plans of the Almighty.
One day in the near future, Israel will be restored and they will become "the nation of priests" (Exodus 19:6) as prophesied, and they will become the pre-eminent country during The Millennium to lead by example to the rest of the world, as they should have done nearly 2000 years ago!
Therefore, I do not want to spend much time on this, for this is a conference aimed at Christians who believe that the Bible is the inerrant Word of God, and Mike will wrap things up nicely in part 3 of today's seminar.
As you should not take too much convincing over this doctrine, I will just open with the words of the Apostle Paul (which have already been mentioned and which will feature a great deal in today's conference), when he wrote:
"I do not want you to be unaware of this mystery brothers, that a PARTIAL hardening has come upon Israel, until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in. And in this way ALL ISRAEL will be saved! As it is written, the DELIVERER will come from ZION, and He will banish all ungodliness from JACOB" (Romans 11: 25,26).
THAT REALLY SHOULD BE SUFFICIENT FOR US!
However, please also look these passages up some time soon: Isaiah 45:17; Jeremiah 31:1; Jeremiah 31;37; John 19:37; Zechariah 12:10; and Rev 1:7 for further evidence. I do not think we need to look any further?
What I would like to do in this middle section of the conference is to look at the rather more controversial subject of WHO ARE ISRAEL and WHO IS A JEW? And WHO ARE THE JEWS who will "ALL BE SAVED" when Yeshua returns to Jerusalem at His Second Coming? Here are a few pictures for you:
DOES GOD
HAVE A
FUTURE
PURPOSE
FOR ISRAEL?
Does God have a future purpose for Israel, or has He cut them off in His coming plans and purposes for planet earth?
Well, I think it is pretty obvious from today's first presentation by Mike that the answer to this is an emphatic YES!!!
Israel as a nation was cut off at Acts 28:28 in unbelief when the Apostle Paul pronounced the judgement upon them from Isaiah 6:9-11 (although many think it was Acts 2????).
But this was only a TEMPORARY MEASURE!! This was never going to be a PERMANENT fixture in the plans of the Almighty.
One day in the near future, Israel will be restored and they will become "the nation of priests" (Exodus 19:6) as prophesied, and they will become the pre-eminent country during The Millennium to lead by example to the rest of the world, as they should have done nearly 2000 years ago!
Therefore, I do not want to spend much time on this, for this is a conference aimed at Christians who believe that the Bible is the inerrant Word of God, and Mike will wrap things up nicely in part 3 of today's seminar.
As you should not take too much convincing over this doctrine, I will just open with the words of the Apostle Paul (which have already been mentioned and which will feature a great deal in today's conference), when he wrote:
"I do not want you to be unaware of this mystery brothers, that a PARTIAL hardening has come upon Israel, until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in. And in this way ALL ISRAEL will be saved! As it is written, the DELIVERER will come from ZION, and He will banish all ungodliness from JACOB" (Romans 11: 25,26).
THAT REALLY SHOULD BE SUFFICIENT FOR US!
However, please also look these passages up some time soon: Isaiah 45:17; Jeremiah 31:1; Jeremiah 31;37; John 19:37; Zechariah 12:10; and Rev 1:7 for further evidence. I do not think we need to look any further?
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AN ULTRA ORTHODOX JEW PRAYING AT THE WAILING WALL IN JERUSALEM. |
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A LADY ORTHODOX JEW PRAYING WITH THE HANUKKAH SEVEN BRANCHED MENORAH FORMERLY USED IN TEMPLE WORSHIP (SOMETIMES THERE ARE NINE BRANCHES TO THE MENORAH). |
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A CONSERVATIVE JEW WHO FOSTERS THE PRACTICE OF TRADITIONAL JUDAISM BUT WITH A FAR MORE MODERN APPROACH TO LIFE TODAY. |
TYPICAL JEWISH SCENE IN TEL AVIV WHERE MOST ISRAELI'S ARE SECULAR, AND 42% OF THE POPULATION OF THE STATE OF ISRAEL CLAIMS TO BE NON RELIGIOUS!!
IF THAT STAT IS TRUE, WE CAN ALREADY RULE OUT NEARLY HALF OF "MODERN DAY ISRAELITES".........AND WITH MANY MORE TO COME!! Bearing in mind we are left with approx 58% of the population, do you think any of the other three groups of Jews or Israeli's shown above will be "SAVED" when Jesus returns to Jerusalem, IF THEY DO NOT CHANGE THEIR BELIEFS?? If NOT, who does the "ALL ISRAEL" refer to? The highest ever recorded population of Jews in the world was registered at around 17 million in 1939, which was dramaticially reduced by Hitler and the Nazis when they slaughtered 6 million with their depraved forms of execution! Since then, the Jewish population worldwide has steadily grown again, and today there are estimated to be around the 16 million figure of which approx 82% live in either Israel or the USA (with just over 7 million in Israel itself). Well, coming back to our groupings, there is at least a FIFTH section, and maybe even more? Here are some photos of MESSIANIC JEWS, that is Jewish people who have accepted Jesus as their Lord and Saviour and recognise Him as the Messiah from His First Coming. I feel quite confiident in saying that these Messianic Christians WILL BE SAVED. But unfortunately there are only approx 15,000 Messianic Christians in the land today!
HERE ARE A GROUP OF YOUNG JEWISH MEN WHO HAVE TURNED TO YESHUA AS THEIR LORD AND SAVIOUR AND NOW WITNESS IN ISRAEL AS "JEWS FOR JESUS"!
HERE IS ANOTHER GROUP OF MESSIANIC JEWS DANCING IN CELEBRATION IN TYPICAL ISRAELI FASHION, SOME EVEN WITH SKULL CAPS, BUT WHO ALL LOVE JESUS CHRIST!
So what is the Biblical criteria to be "SAVED"? The very controversial Pastor John Hagee (pictured below) from the mega "Christian" Church CORNERSTONE in Texas is a HUGE name on Christian television in the USA (and many other parts of the world), and he normally comes across as a hard line, no messing, blood and thunder type of old fashioned Christian Preacher! Yet amazingly he believes YOU DO NOT have to witness to Jews because they are "SAVED" under a different covenant to us!
He believes that they have no need to look unto the shed blood of Christ on Calvary's Cross!!
Where on earth does he find that in the Bible? Yet he is a MAJOR, MAJOR player in CUFI (Christians United For Israel) and also AIPAC (American Israel Public Affairs Committee). At a recent meeting here at TURF, Hagee was described as "A Satanist, well into the occult, a high ranking Freemason, and a non-believer leading many people down the road to destruction". I think the Old Testament Jews and believing saints were SAVED under a different covenant to us in one sense, but only by the distinction that they were LOOKING FORWARD to the Coming of their Lord and Messiah (ie Jesus), whereas we LOOK BACK to His finished work on The Cross.
Changing the subject matter slightly, here is an illustration of an Old Testament saint who was most definitely "SAVED" and who is listed in Hebrews 11 as one of the great overcomers of OT faith!
Keep taking the tablets I hear you say! Well, I don't think it is one of our modern day tablets or computers, but I think the two objects he is holding offer you a big clue who this illustration represents? Who is he?
I guess the fact that he is holding THE TEN COMMANDMENTS WAS A BIT OF A GIVE AWAY! (Yes it is...........Muhammad Ali)! Oops Sorry, something else in the piccy threw me off line for a minute! What do you think it was?
Well, here is another illustration for you. Who do you think this is? And does this person have some similar characteristic to our first image?
WE WILL COME BACK TO THIS CHARACTER IN A MINUTE!
I will fill in the blanks in a moment, but take a look at this one from an ancient fresco, and tell me who you think this is? And does he have a very obvious and similar characteristic to the afore mentioned chaps?
Is it getting a little bit confusing? Well how about this chappie?
Is this the Ethiopian Eunuch? And how many white men are there in this depicture?
The first one above is Moses, the second one is Abraham, the third one is the Apostle Paul, and the fourth one is the Ethiopian Eunuch. AND NOT A WHITE MAN IN SIGHT!
AND HOW ABOUT THIS??
Jesus? Yeshua? Surely not!
WHY NOT?????
I am afraid to tell you that Jesus was not a white skinned EUROPEAN! At the very minimum He had a typical olive coloured skin so typical of the Mediterranean countries in the Middle East that WE SEE TODAY! But ask yourselves, are these skin colours that we see today, the same as skin colourings which existed 2000, 3000, and 4000 years ago.
At "worst" (to put it in a rather controversial and maybe a little awkward description), Jesus could well have been BLACK!! Or maybe somewhere in between this and the olive colourings of today's Middle Eastern and Mediterranean people! It is emerging as something of a scientific phenomena, or even a rather controversial fact (even amongst Christian scientists) that the pigment of the human skin is far easier to start off as black, or as very dark brown, and then become whiter (or more olive coloured) over the ages, rather than the other way around!
If you take the time to scan the internet, you will be totally gobsmacked at the images on the web featuring either a "black" or a "blackish" Jesus, and other great Jews of the Bible (as will see in a moment). Why are there so many? And where did these "experts" get this idea from?
Here are just a few quick snippets for you to mull over in the next few months. Be true Bereans (as Paul always urged his followers to be) and go away from this conference and study this controversial theory for yourself.
The baby Moses would have had to look the very dark colour of the ancient Egyptians to get past the scrutiny of the demanding Pharaoh. NOT white, or olive skinned!
Abraham was from the Ur of the Chaldees, and spent nearly all of his life in Edom, or Idumea. He too could NOT have been white! Here are a few more details for you:
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What Colour Was Abraham? As a descendant of Adam, the Ainu royal priestly caste of Onn/Heliopolis, and as an Edomite ruler, Abraham probably had a red skin tone. Abraham's territory was entirely in the region of Edom. Abraham probably had a red skin tone. Abraham's territory was entirely in the region of Edom.
It extended between Hebron in the north to Beersheba in the south. The Greeks called this region Idumea, meaning land of red people. Edo, Edomite, Idoma and Idumea are related words. A variant of Edo is Idu. Idu was the progenitor of the Edo or Idoma of Benin. The ruler of the Edo is called Oba and the first ruler of Petra in Edom was Obodas. Among the Ainu of Hokkaido the regional ruler is called obito and the original name of Tokyo was Edo.
Let us proceed then, with our pictorial essay of how Jesus, and thus, the Hebrews TURNED WHITE!
Thanks to Religion Facts.com (Link)
The Alexamanos Graffito, dating from c.200 AD or earlier, is an interesting early parody of Christianity. This early graffito (wall-scratching; singular of graffiti) was discovered in 1857 in a guardroom on Palatine Hill near the Circus Maximus in Rome, and is now in the Palatine Antiquarian Museum. The drawing shows a man with an ass's head being crucified, to which a youth is raising his hand as if in prayer. The text in Greek reads: ALE, XAMENOS, SEBETE, THEON. which means, "Alexamenos worships his god." Before Christianity, the Hebrews had already been charged with worshipping an ass; this was probably the basis of this accusation being directed at Christianity. |
This wall painting, mentioned above, depicting the Healing of the Paralytic, is the earliest known representation of Jesus, and notice he is BLACK again, dating from about 235 AD. The painting was found in 1921 on the left-hand wall of the baptismal chamber of the house-church at Dura-Europos on the Euphrates River in modern Syria. It is now part of the Dura Europos collection at the Yale University Gallery of Fine Arts. |
This fresco of the Good Shepherd was found on the ceiling of the Vault of Lucina in the Catacomb of Callixtus in Rome. The construction of the vault itself has been dated to the second half of the 2nd century, but the use of the red and green lines to divide the space (similar to the chambers under San Sebastiano) has suggested the first half or middle of the 3rd century for this fresco.
The image of Jesus as the Good Shepherd was an especially popular motif in the early Christian centuries. It was based in several biblical passages, including the 23rd Psalm and sayings of Jesus, and is also an adaptation of a popular pagan image.
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This fresco of Christ Among the Apostles is in an arcosolium of the Crypt of Ampliatus in the Catacombs of St. Domitilla in Rome. The Catacombs of Domitilla date from the 2nd through 4th centuries. According to W.F. Volbach, "The extent to which the type of the apostolic group as been developed suggests a 4th-century origin" for this particular fresco. |
Dura-Europos
The city of Dura-Europos was founded in 303 B.C. by the Seleucids on the intersection of an east-west trade route and the trade route along the Euphrates. The new city controlled the river crossing on the route between his newly founded cities of Antioch and Seleucia on the Tigris.
The Jewish synagogue, located by the western wall between towers 18 and 19, the last phase of which was dated by an Aramaic inscription to 244. It is the best preserved of the many ancient synagogues of that era that have been uncovered by archaeologists.
The Jewish synagogue, located by the western wall between towers 18 and 19, the last phase of which was dated by an Aramaic inscription to 244. It is the best preserved of the many ancient synagogues of that era that have been uncovered by archaeologists.
It was preserved, ironically, when it had to be infilled with earth to strengthen the city's fortifications against a Sassanian assault in 256. It was uncovered in 1932 by Clark Hopkins, who found that it contains a forecourt and house of assembly with frescoed walls depicting people and animals, and a Torah shrine in the western wall facing Jerusalem. At first, it was mistaken for a Greek temple. The synagogue paintings, the earliest continuous surviving biblical narrative cycle, are conserved at Damascus Syria.
The David Gareja monastery
The modern country of Georgia in the Caucasus region of the former Soviet Union (The place where European Albinos tell themselves and the world that they are from - they call themselves Caucasians): is the location of one of the oldest Black kingdoms in Europe - Colchis.
In about 730 B.C, Colchis was overrun by the White Kurgan tribes called Cimmerians and Scythians. But they appear to have done little permanent damage. In about 600 B.C, the advanced economy of Colchis soon attracted the attention of the Milesian (White) Greeks in Anatolia (Turkey), who colonized the Colchian coast and established trading posts at Phasis, Gyenos, and Sukhumi. In about 580 B.C, the kingdom came under the control of (probably by the dating); King Astyages of the Median Empire. Which would soon become part of the first Persian Empire under Cyrus II, the Great. (The Sassanian was the second Persian Empire).
Herodotus on Colchis: (circa 440 B.C.)
[2.104] There can be no doubt that the Colchians are an Egyptian race. Before I heard any mention of the fact from others, I had remarked it myself. After the thought had struck me, I made inquiries on the subject both in Colchis and in Egypt, and I found that the Colchians had a more distinct recollection of the Egyptians, than the Egyptians had of them.
Still the Egyptians said that they believed the Colchians to be descended from the army of Sesostris. My own conjectures were founded, first, on the fact that they are black-skinned and have woolly hair, which certainly amounts to but little, since several other nations are so too; but further and more especially, on the circumstance that the Colchians, the Egyptians, and the Ethiopians (Nubians), are the only nations who have practised circumcision from the earliest times. Sometime around the year 2 b.c. both Pontus and Colchis were incorporated into the Roman province of Galatia.
Still the Egyptians said that they believed the Colchians to be descended from the army of Sesostris. My own conjectures were founded, first, on the fact that they are black-skinned and have woolly hair, which certainly amounts to but little, since several other nations are so too; but further and more especially, on the circumstance that the Colchians, the Egyptians, and the Ethiopians (Nubians), are the only nations who have practised circumcision from the earliest times. Sometime around the year 2 b.c. both Pontus and Colchis were incorporated into the Roman province of Galatia.
The David Gareja Monastery - Georgia
The David Gareja monastery is a rock-hewn Georgian Orthodox monastery complex located in the Kakheti region of Eastern Georgia, on the half-desert slopes of Mount Gareja, some 60–70 km southeast of Georgia's capital Tbilisi. The complex includes hundreds of cells, churches, chapels, refectories and living quarters hollowed out of the rock face.
Part of the complex is located in the Agstafa rayon of Azerbaijan and has become subject to a border dispute between Georgia and Azerbaijan. The area is home to evidence of some of the oldest human habitations in the region.
Below are some of the frescos depicted in the David Gareja Monastery, and notice again, they all depict a BLACK Christ!
Part of the complex is located in the Agstafa rayon of Azerbaijan and has become subject to a border dispute between Georgia and Azerbaijan. The area is home to evidence of some of the oldest human habitations in the region.
Below are some of the frescos depicted in the David Gareja Monastery, and notice again, they all depict a BLACK Christ!
Christ at the Second Coming, In the center of the apse mosaic is Christ standing on red clouds (representing the dawn), dressed in golden robes labeled with the monogram I. He holds the scroll of the Law in his left hand. |
Before the modern era of pathetic White racism, with it's White fright of all things Black, and Black identity theft. Where Khazar Turks are the new Hebrews, and Osman Turks are the new Berbers, Egyptians, Arabs, and Middle-Easterners.Before every ancient Black figure encountered in a museum or book was explained away as a Nubian-Ethiopian, a Slave, or a servant: All people knew Hebrews to be Black people, and depicted them as Black people.
HERE IS THE MODERN DAY JESUS. UNFORTUNATELY "THE REAL YESHUA" HAS BEEN HIGHJACKED AND LOOKS NOTHING LIKE THIS FROM OUR HISTORICAL RESEARCH AND FINDINGS!
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WHAT ABOUT "THE BLACK MADONNA'S"? I do not want to spend too much time on this here, but here from history are some depictures of the Virgin Mary, and please note she is BLACK!
AND WHAT ABOUT THE BLACK POPES? YES THERE HAVE BEEN QUITE A LOT, NOT THAT THE VATICAN WANT TO PUBLISH THIS FACT!
There has also been "A BLACK POPE" behind the scenes at the Jesuit Run Vatican pulling the strings for "THE WHITE POPE" they push forward "as their puppet"!
Now for the FIRST TIME IN HISTORY, IN THESE DAYS OF BIBLE PROPHECY, we have a JESUIT POPE who fulfills BOTH the offices of the Black and White Popes.
This is beyond the scope of today's study, but be good Bereans and go away and check out this probable final scenario of the JESUIT reign of the Popes at The Vatican.
As for former Black Popes:
According to the Albinos and their pronouncements from the Liber Pontificalis, three popes-Pope St Victor I (c. 186-198), Pope St Miltiades (311-14), and Pope St Gelasius (492-496)-were Africans. The Liber Pontificalis is composed of a series of biographical entries, which record the dates and important facts for each pope. It is the oldest and most detailed chronicle dating from the Early Church. The Liber Pontificalis is dated from the sixth century. The record of names begins with St Peter. As the work progressed the entries became longer and more detailed. The Liber Pontificalis continued to be written until 1431. So then, is the Liber Pontificalis deception by word play, differentiating between African and Black? Which is actually okay, if people know what you are doing. But somehow I doubt the criminals in the Vatican would let on to that.
IT IS LIKELY THAT ALL POPES PRIOR TO THE FALL OF THE "BLACK" HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE AROUND 1658
WERE BLACK!!!
I think that I have presented a reasonable case to destroy our European (and certainly American) idea that JESUS was white or a slightly lighter "olive coloured" nearing off-white.
AT THE VERY LEAST, YOU SHOULD BE GOOD BEREANS AND GO AWAY AND CHECK TO SEE IF THE THINGS I AM PRESENTING TO YOU TODAY ARE ACCURATE OR NOT!
So as we continue in the true Berean fashion, let us consider some more interesting and quite salient points.
HOW MANY TRIBES WERE THERE IN ISRAEL?
TWELVE, OF COURSE!
DO THESE TWELVE TRIBES STILL EXIST IN THE EYES OF GOD TODAY, EVEN THOUGH THEY APPEAR TO BE LOST TO MAN?
YES, OF COURSE THEY DO!
WELL WHATEVER HAPPENED TO THE LOST TEN TRIBES OF THE NORTHERN KINGDOM?
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THERE IS ANOTHER WEBSITE TITLED "THE REAL JEWS ARE BLACK.COM" WHICH STATES THAT JESUS AND THE TWELVE APOSTLES WERE ALL BLACK!
They go on to say that the lost 12 Tribes are now:
1. JUDAH African Americans
2. BENJAMIN West Indians
3. LEVI Haitians
4. SIMEON Dominicans
5. ZEBULON Guatemala to Panama
6. EPHRAIM Puerto Ricans
7. MANASSEH Cubans
8. GAD American Indians
9. REUBEN Seminole Indian
10 NAPHTALI Argentina
11 ASHER Columbia to Uruguay
12 ISSACHER Mexicans
I CANNOT GO ALONG WITH THIS EXTREME VERSION OF THE HISTORY OF THE BLACK JEWS, AND IT SEEMS TO BE AN ULTRA BIASED BLOG. THEY HAVE MISSED OUT SEVERAL OTHER IMPORTANT COUNTRIES WHICH HAVE A FAR BETTER CLAIM TO BEING ONE OF THE LOST TWELVE TRIBES. FOR EXAMPLE, WHAT ABOUT:
THE ETHIOPIAN JEWS.
THERE IS A VERY STRONG LEGEND, AND SOME EVIDENCE, THAT THE ARC OF THE COVENANT WAS TAKEN TO ETHIOPIA FOR SAFE KEEPING! THIS COUNTRY HAS A VERY GOOD CLAIM REGARDING ITS MANY BLACK JEWS AND ITS HEBREW CONNECTIONS!
'Moving Moment': Israel Ends Ethiopian Repatriation Programme
DPA
Some 450 Jews from Ethiopia landed in Israel on Wednesday, the last arrivals in a program to relocate the community to the Holy Land. The campaign, which lasted for nearly thirty years, has been plagued by controversy.
Natan Sharansky described it as a "moving historical moment." The head of the Jewish Agency for Israel -- the body tasked with overseeing immigration -- on Wednesday accompanied the last group of Ethiopian Jews on their journey to the Holy Land. Some 450 so-called "Falashas" flew to an airport near Tel Aviv in two chartered flights. 65 years after the establishment of the Israeli nation state, the country has concluded its mass repatriation program for Ethiopian Jews. The arrival of the group means that the religious minority's 3000-year history is finally coming full circle, said Sharansky, according to the German news agency DPA.Over the last three decades, about 100,000 Jews have been repatriated from the East African country to Israel. The program began with three operations dubbed "Moses" (1984), "Joshua" (1985) and "Solomon" (1991-1992).After these were completed, the operation came to a prolonged standstill due to a political altercation about whether the Falash Mura -- who were forced to convert to Christianity in the 18th and 19th century, but maintained their Jewish rituals -- should be entitled to Israeli citizenship.Discrimination RifeAlthough some ultra-Orthodox Rabbis still refuse to recognize the group's status as Jews, the Israeli government organized a further repatriation effort -- dubbed "Operation Dove Wing" -- in November 2010. Last October, the first of a total of 93 chartered flights arrived in the country. Before leaving Ethiopia, the Falah Mura had spent several years in transit camps in the nothern city of Gondar being prepared for Israeli life.Around 500 protestors gathered in front of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's official residence on Wednesday. Their aim was to expand the repatriation program to include a further 5,000 Ethiopians who hadn't been acknowledged as practicing Jews, and therefore hadn't qualified forOperation Dove Wing.The Israeli government has introduced a rule whereby Ethiopians wanting to return to the Holy Land are only able to do so by applying on an individual basis.The black minority group often faces discrimination in Israel. In 1996, the country's daily Maariv newspaper revealed that Magen David Adom -- the country's bloodbank service -- had been destroying all blood samples provided by Ethiopian Jews. Last year, the Israeli broadcaster Channel 2revealed that 120 landlords in the southern town of Kiryat Malakhi had agreed not to rent out or sell their houses and apartments to members of the African minority.Many Ethiopian migrants live in low income areas and illegal settlements. Human rights organizations have accused the Israeli government of forcibly sterilizing members of the minority group. The authorities have denied the allegations.
HOWEVER, THERE IS A WELL KNOWN SLOGAN IN THE MODERN JEWISH STATE THAT ALL JEWS ARE WELCOME BACK TO ISRAEL...........AS LONG AS THEY ARE NOT BLACK!!!
WHY IS THIS??
THE HATRED FOR "BLACK JEWS" IS VEHEMENT IN MODERN DAY ISRAEL, AND ONLY THIS WEEK ON BANK HOLIDAY MONDAY THINGS ERUPTED IN TEL AVIV:
Call for unity
BY THE WAY, WHICH ONE OF THESE TWO PICTURED IS A REAL JEW? OR ARE THEY BOTH?
Mr Netanyahu met soldier Damas Pakedeh (pictured above), who was beaten by two Israeli policemen
Tear gas
Dozens of police and protesters were injured in the clashes

Analysis: Kevin Connolly, BBC News, Jerusalem

THERE ARE ALSO "THE BLACK HEBREWS" IN AMERICA:
Natan Sharansky described it as a "moving historical moment." The head of the Jewish Agency for Israel -- the body tasked with overseeing immigration -- on Wednesday accompanied the last group of Ethiopian Jews on their journey to the Holy Land. Some 450 so-called "Falashas" flew to an airport near Tel Aviv in two chartered flights. 65 years after the establishment of the Israeli nation state, the country has concluded its mass repatriation program for Ethiopian Jews. The arrival of the group means that the religious minority's 3000-year history is finally coming full circle, said Sharansky, according to the German news agency DPA.Over the last three decades, about 100,000 Jews have been repatriated from the East African country to Israel. The program began with three operations dubbed "Moses" (1984), "Joshua" (1985) and "Solomon" (1991-1992).After these were completed, the operation came to a prolonged standstill due to a political altercation about whether the Falash Mura -- who were forced to convert to Christianity in the 18th and 19th century, but maintained their Jewish rituals -- should be entitled to Israeli citizenship.Discrimination RifeAlthough some ultra-Orthodox Rabbis still refuse to recognize the group's status as Jews, the Israeli government organized a further repatriation effort -- dubbed "Operation Dove Wing" -- in November 2010. Last October, the first of a total of 93 chartered flights arrived in the country. Before leaving Ethiopia, the Falah Mura had spent several years in transit camps in the nothern city of Gondar being prepared for Israeli life.Around 500 protestors gathered in front of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's official residence on Wednesday. Their aim was to expand the repatriation program to include a further 5,000 Ethiopians who hadn't been acknowledged as practicing Jews, and therefore hadn't qualified forOperation Dove Wing.The Israeli government has introduced a rule whereby Ethiopians wanting to return to the Holy Land are only able to do so by applying on an individual basis.The black minority group often faces discrimination in Israel. In 1996, the country's daily Maariv newspaper revealed that Magen David Adom -- the country's bloodbank service -- had been destroying all blood samples provided by Ethiopian Jews. Last year, the Israeli broadcaster Channel 2revealed that 120 landlords in the southern town of Kiryat Malakhi had agreed not to rent out or sell their houses and apartments to members of the African minority.Many Ethiopian migrants live in low income areas and illegal settlements. Human rights organizations have accused the Israeli government of forcibly sterilizing members of the minority group. The authorities have denied the allegations.
HOWEVER, THERE IS A WELL KNOWN SLOGAN IN THE MODERN JEWISH STATE THAT ALL JEWS ARE WELCOME BACK TO ISRAEL...........AS LONG AS THEY ARE NOT BLACK!!!
WHY IS THIS??
THE HATRED FOR "BLACK JEWS" IS VEHEMENT IN MODERN DAY ISRAEL, AND ONLY THIS WEEK ON BANK HOLIDAY MONDAY THINGS ERUPTED IN TEL AVIV:
MONDAY'S (MAY 4TH) BBC HEADLINE READ PRIME
MINISTER NETANYAHU MUST ELIMINATE RACISM"!
Israel's prime minister has said racism in the country must be eliminated, after protests by Ethiopian Israelis against alleged discrimination.
Benjamin Netanyahu spoke after meeting Ethiopian Israeli community leaders and an Ethiopian Israeli soldier, whose beating by police has fuelled tensions.
A protest by Ethiopian Israelis on Sunday ended in clashes with police.
Israel's president said the community's grievances "revealed an open and raw wound" at the heart of Israeli society.
"We must look directly at this open wound," Reuven Rivlin added. "We have erred. We did not look, and we did not listen enough."
At least 46 police and seven demonstrators were hurt in the clashes which followed the protest in Tel Aviv on Sunday night, officials said. Dozens of protesters were arrested, police said.
Call for unity
On Monday, Mr Netanyahu met Israeli soldier Damas Pakedeh, who was beaten by two police officers in a suburb of Tel Aviv last week.
BY THE WAY, WHICH ONE OF THESE TWO PICTURED IS A REAL JEW? OR ARE THEY BOTH?
Mr Netanyahu met soldier Damas Pakedeh (pictured above), who was beaten by two Israeli policemen
The prime minister praised Mr Pakedeh and told him he had been shocked by the video of the beating.
Afterwards, Mr Netanyahu met Ethiopian Israeli leaders in an effort to reassure the community.
"We must stand together as one against the phenomenon of racism, to denounce it and eliminate it," he said.
One of the policemen involved in Mr Pakedeh's beating has been dismissed and the other suspended from the force, Israeli police spokesman Micky Rosenfeld told the BBC.
An investigation into the incident is under way.
Tear gas
The protests on Sunday started peacefully but became more violent as night fell.
Some protesters threw stones, bottles and chairs at police and tried to enter the Tel Aviv municipality building.
Police fired tear gas and stun grenades and officers on horseback charged the crowd to try to disperse it.
Analysis: Kevin Connolly, BBC News, Jerusalem
President Reuven Rivlin was quick to respond to the weekend's disturbances with calming words - the country hadn't listened to its Ethiopian minority, he said.
It is listening today at least.
The police used considerable force to disperse the rioting crowds in Tel Aviv but the government is seeking to send a simultaneous signal that it recognises the strength of the Ethiopian minority's grievance about racism and discrimination in jobs and education.
It is an awkward twist in what began as a triumphant story for Israel which began with one of Zionism's most exotic initiatives - a series of airlifts dating back to the 1980s which brought to Israel members of a religious minority with Jewish roots.
As black migrants from a country with a poorly-developed educational system, though, they have struggled to integrate into Israeli society and they have been left feeling that their treatment has never quite matched the imagination and generosity of the impulse which brought them here.
Ethiopian Jews living in Israel have long complained of discrimination, and similar protests in 2012 followed reports that some Israeli landlords were refusing to rent out their properties to Ethiopian Jews.
Ethiopian Jews' income is considerably lower than the general population, and they are much more likely to face limited educational opportunities and to end up in prison, according to The Ethiopian National Project, a non-governmental organisation which assists Ethiopian Jews in Israel.
Tens of thousands of Ethiopian Jews were airlifted to Israel in secret operations in the 1980s and 1990s to escape famine and civil war. THERE ARE NOW AROUND 135,000 ETHIOPIAN JEWS LIVING IN ISRAEL!!
THERE ARE ALSO "THE BLACK HEBREWS" IN AMERICA:
The Black Hebrews, a sect whose full name is "The Original African Hebrew Israelite Nation of Jerusalem," have two centers of activity: Chicago and Dimona. About 2,500 members, led by Ben Ami Carter, live in Israel — most of them in Dimona, and the rest in Arad and Mitzpe Ramon, with some others residing in other parts of the country.
The Black Hebrews believe that they are descended from the ten lost tribes of Israel. They live according to their own special rules of conduct. Polygamy is permitted and birth control is forbidden. Their leaders decree who will marry whom, performing the weddings and approving annulments. Their dietary laws prohibit the eating of meat, dairy products, eggs and sugar; members who are caught consuming these foods are punished. Members must adopt Hebraic names in place of their former "slave names." According to Black Hebrew custom, the woman's responsibilities focus on childrearing and other family obligations. The Black Hebrews' closed society is isolated from the mainstream and all infractions of their rules are severely punished.
Nigeria's black Jews re-discovered
A new documentary by New Yorker Jeff Lieberman called Re-Emerging: The Jews of Nigeria is taking an in depth look into one of the most unique 'Jewish' communities in the world: The Igbos of Nigeria.
Lieberman's film is a rare testimonial to the daily life of a group that for years has been living off the official Jewish radar and in a political atmosphere of massacres between Christians and Muslims with the constant threat of destruction over their heads. Trailer - Re-Emerging: The Jews of Nigeria Vibrant and joyous it celebrates what it sees as its Jewish roots. Make no mistake, this is Africa, but Africa Jewish style. So how did Jews get to Africa? And why has no one heard of this community until now? That question has a simple enough answer: The group is part of one of the largest ethnic tribes in Nigeria; the Igbo. A tribe with millions of people and the Jewish community making up only a small fraction of that number. 'Nigeria's Jews'Lieberman explains that the unique situation of the community in Nigeria is a direct result of local history. The Igbo were influenced by traditions brought in by the missionaries who came to the region in the time of British colonialism.The similarities between what the missionaries brought with them and the ancient tribal traditions led to mass-conversion to Christianity. The fact that Christians also offered a life of economic security helped. The Igbo were always called 'Nigeria's Jews', they have the Jewish mentality, they're smart, and they work hard. That also turned them into a murder target, Lieberman added. Prayer services at the local synagogue According to Lieberman, within this huge tribe, lives a community that still defines itself as Jewish in every way. In fact, Lieberman said that should they be offered the opportunity to convert to Judaism they would be offended. In their eyes, they are as Jewish as any other Jew. And while the ancient traditions are now all but extinct, there is still a group within the Igbo who believed that they were part of a different story, one they could not define. Everybody there has a history passed down from father to son, that they came from Israel and that they belonged to the "ancient Hebrews." When the internet came into the picture, some of the people there tried to use it to understand what it means to be Jewish. Their location and inaccessibility to the outside world did not allow them to learn about Jews and Judaism before the internet age. One photo started it allThey existed in a kind of bubble, says Lieberman, and one of them, a young man named Samuel, who is in the movie, learned about prayer and the Jewish lifestyle from the internet and then taught everyone else.The project started when Lieberman who was living in Los Angeles at the time, attended a lecture at a synagogue. The speaker was a conservative rabbi who had recently returned from Uganda and Nigeria, and as he showed photographs Lieberman became captivated. Yet it was one specific photograph that set the journey into motion: “It was a small building in the middle of a wooded area. You wouldn’t notice right away, but there was a large Star of David on the building – that picture was completely wild." Lieberman, who at the time was looking for a subject for his documentary project, felt that this was what he had been waiting for. He told the rabbi that should he decide to return to Africa, Lieberman was coming with him with his camera. At first, the rabbi didn't take him seriously; Lieberman had never before been to Africa or even filmed a movie independently. But after a great deal of nagging, he agreed. Meanwhile, in Africa the 2,000 Igbo community members used the information from the internet to begin living the Jewish way of life: Keeping kosher, observing the Shabbat, prayer and even ritual immersion in a nearby river. Ritual immersion The tribe's commitment to being part of the Jewish nation is evident in every frame in the film, yet with that commitment comes a heavy price. Some of the community members were ostracized by their Christian families and in many cases, the situation gets violent. Living the Jewish lifestyle in Nigeria is in many ways a death wish. In Nigeria, which for years has been tottering between the Christian west and the Muslim north, massacres are part of the daily routine. Lieberman says that the presence of active terror cells is a known fact but al-Qaeda and its local extensions have yet to realize the Jewish community growing right under their noses. Yet when it is discovered, fears of a targeted massacre could become a reality. Lieberman notes that this constant threat did make him constantly reconsider whether the film was a good idea as the last thing he wanted to do, he says, was endanger these people in any way. Yet he added that the community felt that it was more important that their story be heard, that the Jewish world recognize them and their way of life and that should anything happen to them Israel, or global Jewish communities would come to their defense. They are unwilling to give up their right to legitimacy and exposure said Lieberman. Seeking recognitionAs for their attitude towards Israel, Lieberman believes that is a very complex question. He said that at first he thought that the Igbos were using their newfound Jewish roots to get a better life in Israel but the reality is completely different.Their way of life, he says, is not an excuse to leave Nigeria. There are those who wish to visit Israel and see where their forefathers came from but for the most part, that is all. Lieberman adds that from what he understood from the community, Israel rejected their request for citizenship. Now, they have no aspirations to make aliyah, they are considered to be a relatively well off group. What they want is a connection, recognition. Reactions to the movie throughout the Jewish world were mixed, notes Lieberman. He said that on the one hand, he had received a lot of positive feedback with many synagogues throughout the US looking to screen the film. Proof, he believes, that there are communities open enough to learn about another kind of Jew. On the other hand, there were a large number of people who completely rejected the idea and who are very suspicious towards the Igbo. Lieberman feels that the movie was a powerful experience. He said that the Igbo welcomed him with open arms and made him feel completely at home. He believes that the documentary's message is that Jewish variety should be celebrated. It is possible that Abraham and Sara were black, we don't know their color but they were certainly not white or blond. If you ask a Nigerian Jew what color Abraham was he will answer black naturally, Lieberman added. |
History of the Jews in the African diaspora
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The history of the Jews in the African diaspora refers to black Jews living in the African diaspora.
· 1 North America· 2 France· 3 Jews from Arab states in North Africa· 4 Ethiopian Jews
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NORTH AMERICA
The American Jewish community includes Jews with African-American background, many of mixed marriages. Black Jews belong to each of the major American Jewish denominations—Orthodox, Conservative, Reform—and to the smaller movements as well. Like their white Jewish counterparts, there are also Black Jewish secularists and Black Jews who may rarely or never take part in religious practices.[1]
There are several predominately black synagogues in The United States, such as Beth Shalom B'nai Zaken Ethiopian Hebrew Congregation.[citation needed]
France[edit]
The total number of Jews of Black African descent in France is not known, but there are approximately 250 Black Jews in Paris.[4] Fraternité Judéo-Noire, based in Paris, advocates on behalf of these Black Jews.
Jews from Arab states in North Africa[edit]
Main article: Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim lands
The 20th century Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim lands comprised approximately three quarters of Jews from North Africa—chieflyMorocco, Algeria, Egypt, Tunisia, and Libya. These communities had been identified as immigration targets to Mandatory Palestine / Israel in the 1944 One Million Plan.
Many North African Jews emigrated to Europe, utilizing citizenship granted in the colonial period. Thus some Libyan Jews immigrated to Italy while some Algerian, Tunisian, and Moroccan Jews immigrated to France. Subsequent events, such as the Algerian War for Independence, the 1956Suez Crisis, and the Six-Day War in 1967, led to the almost complete emigration of the Jews still remaining in Egypt, Algeria, and Morocco. Today the only viable Jewish communities in North Africa are in the island of Djerba and in Morocco.[5][6]
Ethiopian Jews[edit]
Ethiopian Israeli soldier
Hagit Yaso, winner of 2011 Kochav Nolad
Main article: Aliyah from Ethiopia
Individual Ethiopian Jews had lived in the Land of Israel prior to the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. A youth group arrived in Israel in the 1950s to undergo training in Hebrew education and returned to Ethiopia to educate young Jews there. Also, Ethiopian Jews had been trickling into Israel prior to the 1970s.[citation needed]
During the 1970s, members of the Beta Israel, a community of Ethiopian Jews, began to immigrate to Israel afterOvadia Yosef, the Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel, ruled that they were descendents of the Biblical Israelites and that they should be eligible for citizenship under Israel's Law of Return. As famine gripped Ethiopia during the 1980s, several thousand Ethiopian Jews were airlifted to Israel in Operation Moses, but political instability in Ethiopia andSudan made further immigration impossible. In 1991, when circumstances changed, more than 14,000 Ethiopian Jews were flown to Israel in Operation Solomon.[7]
Absorption of the Ethiopian Jews into Israeli society has been complicated by what some members of the community perceive as racism.[8] According to the Anti-Defamation League, there are few reports of discrimination in Israel.[9] Most Israelis support the Ethiopian Jews, who have received more aid from the Israeli government than any previous immigrant group.[9] One study attributed some of the problems to the model of absorption chosen by the Israeli government. To prepare for the absorption the Ethiopian Jews, Israel adopted two "Master Plans", the first in 1985 and the second in 1991. Like earlier absorption policies, both Master Plans were based on the assumption that the new immigrants were broadly similar to Israel's existing majority population.[10]
The Israeli Chief Rabbinate required the new arrivals to undergo certain conversion procedures, which many of the Ethiopian Jews considered an insult.[9] In 1996, the Magen David Adom destroyed all bloodthat had been donated by Ethiopian Jews due to fear it might be contaminated with HIV or AIDS. Authorities pointed to the high incidence of AIDS and HIV in Ethiopia to explain the policy.[11]
According to a 1999 report commissioned by Israel's Ministry of Immigrant Absorption, 75% of the Ethiopian Jews living in Israel could not read or write Hebrew. Nearly 50% could not converse in Hebrew. Because the Ethiopian immigrants came from a subsistence economy, they were not prepared to work in an industrialized society such as Israel's.[12] An earlier study by the Brookdate Institute of Gerontology and Adult Development found that 66% of the Ethiopian women and 85% of the Ethiopian men in the city of Kiryat Gat could speak Hebrew.[13]
In 2008, the unemployment rate among Ethiopian Jews in Israel was 18%, nearly three times that of the general Israeli population.[14][15] A 2005 study found that the poverty rate among Ethiopian Jewish families was 60%, compared with 20% among all Israeli families.[16]
In February 2013 Yityish Titi Aynaw became the first woman of African descent to be named Miss Israel.[17]
THERE ARE BLACK JEWS NEARLY EVERYWHERE! AZERBAIJAN, NORTH AMERICA, CENTRAL AMERICA, THE CARIBBEAN, SOUTH AMERICA, EUROPE, AFRICA, ASIA, AND OCEANIA.
THERE ARE BLACK JEWS NEARLY EVERYWHERE! AZERBAIJAN, NORTH AMERICA, CENTRAL AMERICA, THE CARIBBEAN, SOUTH AMERICA, EUROPE, AFRICA, ASIA, AND OCEANIA.
Located on the southern edge of the Caucusus and bordered by Russia, Armenia, Georgia, Iran and the Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan has a centuries old Jewish history. The majority of Azerbaijani inhabitants are Muslims, Armenians and Christian Lezgins. As of 2013, approximately 8,800 Jews live in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan is 90% Muslim and was at one point a part of the officially Atheistic USSR, so the Jews who reside there currently tend to keep their Judaism to themselves.
Early History
The mysteries of Azerbaijan: A Shiite nation which embraces its Jews!!
Red Village rises up along the Qudiyal River like a Jewish Brigadoon.
To get there, you fly 13 hours from Los Angeles to Istanbul, then catch a three-hour flight to Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan — a former Soviet country of some 9 million people on the Caspian Sea. From Baku, you take a bus past churning oil derricks and miles of empty desert, up into the Caucasus, through tiny villages surrounded by apple orchards. After two hours, you arrive in Quba, the capital of Azerbaijan’s northeast region. About a mile past an attractive central mosque, a simple steel bridge spans a wide, mostly dry riverbed and leads directly into Red Village.
One of the first things you see is a large brick building atop which sits — improbably, impossibly — a Jewish star.
About 4,000 people live in Red Village, every one of them Jewish. That makes Red Village the largest all-Jewish settlement outside the State of Israel.
[Related: The food of Azerbaijan]
This entirely Jewish town exists in an almost entirely Muslim country — ancient, placid, prosperous. It is also completely unknown to the majority of the world’s Jews. I had to see Red Village to believe it. I had to figure out: What’s the deal with Azerbaijan? (Below is Red Village in Azerbaijan. Photo by Michael Roth).
Earlier this month, Azerbaijan’s President Ilham Aliyev convened 750 journalists, scholars, activists and scientists from around the world to participate in the annual Baku International Humanitarian Forum.
The invitation offered a chance to see for myself a country that, from what I’d heard over the years, has never quite fit the standard American perception of Muslim = Fanatic and Shiite = Really Fanatic.
After all, Iran, also a Shiite nation, lies just across Azerbaijan’s southern border. But while Iran is the Jewish state’s mortal enemy, Azerbaijan is Israel’s largest supplier of oil and a major purchaser of Israeli defense technology. The Shiites of Iran would treat me, an American Jew with a passport full of Israeli stamps, as an enemy. In Azerbaijan, I was an honored guest.
This group of kippot-wearing Azeri boys greeted an American visitor with laughter and shouts of “hello” and “Shabbat shalom!” Photo by Rob Eshman
A masterpiece of architecture by the Iraqi-born Zaha Hadid recently opened as the Heydar Aliyev Center, a cultural and conference center in Baku. Photo by Rob Eshman
The main synagogue in Azerbaijan’s Jewish community, known as Red Village, bears Persian rugs on its floors and decoratively carved wood throughout. It is one of three active synagogues in the town of 4,000 people. Photo by Rob Eshman
7 PICTURES REVEALING THE LITTLE KNOWN WORLD OF THE BLACK JEWS!
The real story here shouldn't be "how can someone be black and Jewish?" but, rather that Jews of coloUr, especially black Jews, are only recently starting to gain media visibility — both in the United States and abroad. And it's about time that we recognize that black Jews live all around us, even if we don't immediately recognize it.
Here's a short list of black Jewish individuals, and how they've been able to firmly assert the strength rooted in their blended cultural heritages.
Image Credit: Jayne Guberman via Flickr
Yavilah McCoy, who is pictured above celebrating the Sabbath with her family, founded the Ayecha Resource Organization in 2000, through which she helped increase awareness about racial diversity in the Jewish community. Although the organization is now defunct, McCoy still remains a strong voice for people of color within the Jewish community, speaking openly about her experiences as a daughter of two Jewish converts and as a black woman.
"In the world of multiculturalism, being 'of color' includes all people who, whether visually or by nature of their geographic origin, are classified as nonwhite. When I try to superimpose that terminology onto the Jewish community, it gets complex," McCoy told the Jewish Daily Forward in 2009. "Until there is a consciousness that whiteness has been superimposed on Jewish identity, Jews won't really understand what it means to be a Jew of color."
Image Credit: Wikimedia
Hagit Yaso is an Ethiopian-Israeli singer who won the ninth season of Israel Idol in 2011. Her rise to celebrity came after a life lived amongst poverty and violence. Her parents left a poor, Ethiopian village and traveled through the desert for a whopping four months just to make it to Israel, where Yaso was eventually born in the city of Sderot — a common target of missiles from Hamas. Eventually, she joined the Israeli Defense Force and regularly practiced singing with her military band.
Image Credit:AP
The above photo shows Reuben Register, member of the Temple Beth'El congregation based in Philadelphia. Register is carrying the congregation's very first Torah from Israel, an honor that many start-up congregations often see as a sign of acceptance into the overall Jewish community.
Rabbi Louise Elizabeth Dialey, z"l, a black Jewish woman who grew up in an Orthodox baptist household, founded the Temple Beth'El congregation in 1951. For the last 60 years, the congregation has been overwhelmingly black, and in recent years, it has broken racial barriers by holding joint Sabbath services with predominantly white synagogues.
The unnamed little girl was one of 142 Ethiopian immigrants who landed in Israel in October 2009. When Ethiopian immigrants arrive in Israel, they typically move into Jewish Agency Absorption Centers, which provide them temporary housing, food, Hebrew classes and cultural enrichment activities about Israel.
The immigrants are often called olim, the plural for oleh: immigrants who come to Israel for aliyah, which the Jewish Agency for Israel defines as "the arrival of Jews as individuals or groups, from exile to Diaspora to live ... in the Land of Israel."
Shyne is a Belizean rapper whose life took a rather unusual chain of events. In 1999, he shot a gun into a nightclub when he was chilling with Sean "Diddy" Combs and Jennifer Lopez, landing him in prison for nine years. Soon after his release in 2009, Shyne was deported. He moved to Jerusalem about a year later, with the experience ultimately prompting his conversion to Judaism. Now he wears payots, the curly sidelocks that Orthodox Jews don, and listens to audio files of Torah readings. He is not, however, a fan of Zionism, or so he told TIME Magazine.
"An African in America who's pretty famous in African-American culture, you would think would be drawn to Islam, or maybe Christianity," he told TIME. "But I couldn't convert to something I'm not. Islam just didn't make sense to me. I come from the ultimate truth."
He added, "European Jews are not the only Jews."
Image Credit: Getty
Amar'e Stoudemire is the 6-foot-11 NBA player for the New York Knicks — and also black and Jewish, which came as a surprise to many fans four years ago in 2010, when he tweeted that he was going to Israel to learn about "who we R." But it was a surprise for him, too — that year, Stoudemire discovered that his mother was Jewish.
His relationship with Israel became stronger over the years as he became a part owner of the Hapoel Jerusalem basketball club and made an appearance the Maccabiah Games (informally known as the "Jewish Olympics"). In 2013, he applied for Israeli citizenship.
Believe it or not, one of our favorite Parks and Recreation stars is indeed both black and Jewish. Rashida Jones' father is Grammy Award-winning producer Quincy Jones, who married her Jewish mother, Peggy Lipton.
In the past, Rashida has called her biracial Jewish identity a "double whammy." She strongly identified with black culture in her teenage years but had difficulties fitting into Harvard's black community during college. Around that time, she entered a social circle of Jewish friends and began to identify more with that part of herself. However, she still fully embraces her dual identities and still practices Judaism.
AND WHAT ABOUT THE ASHKENAZI AND THE SEPHERDIC JEWS? OH SO MANY TO CONSIDER!
Ashkenazic and Sephardic Jews represent two distinct subcultures of Judaism. We are all Jews and share the same basic beliefs, but there are some variations in culture and practice. It's not clear when the split began, but it has existed for more than a thousand years, because around the year 1000 C.E., Rabbi Gershom ben Judah issued an edict against polygamy that was accepted by Ashkenazim but not by Sephardim.
Who are Ashkenazic Jews?
Ashkenazic Jews are the Jews of France, Germany, and Eastern Europe and their descendants. The adjective "Ashkenazic" and corresponding nouns, Ashkenazi (singular) and Ashkenazim (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word "Ashkenaz," which is used to refer to Germany. Most American Jews today are Ashkenazim, descended from Jews who emigrated from Germany and Eastern Europe from the mid 1800s to the early 1900s. The pages in this site are written from the Ashkenazic Jewish perspective.
Who are Sephardic Jews?
Sephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa and the Middle East and their descendants. The adjective "Sephardic" and corresponding nouns Sephardi (singular) and Sephardim (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word "Sepharad," which refers to Spain.
Sephardic Jews are often subdivided into Sephardim, from Spain and Portugal, and Mizrachim, from the Northern Africa and the Middle East. The word "Mizrachi" comes from the Hebrew word for Eastern. There is much overlap between the Sephardim and Mizrachim. Until the 1400s, the Iberian Peninsula, North Africa and the Middle East were all controlled by Muslims, who generally allowed Jews to move freely throughout the region. It was under this relatively benevolent rule that Sephardic Judaism developed. When the Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, many of them were absorbed into existing Mizrachi communities in Northern Africa and the Middle East.
Most of the early Jewish settlers of North America were Sephardic. The first Jewish congregation in North America, Shearith Israel, founded in what is now New York in 1684, was Sephardic and is still active. Philadelphia's first Jewish congregation, Congregation Mikveh Israel, founded in 1740, was also a Sephardic one, and is also still active.
In Israel, a little more than half of all Jews are Mizrachim, descended from Jews who have been in the land since ancient times or who were forced out of Arab countries after Israel was founded. Most of the rest are Ashkenazic, descended from Jews who came to the Holy Land (then controlled by the Ottoman Turks) instead of the United States in the late 1800s, or from Holocaust survivors, or from other immigrants who came at various times. About 1% of the Israeli population are the black Ethiopian Jews who fled during the brutal Ethiopian famine in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
What is the difference between Sephardic and Ashkenazic?
The beliefs of Sephardic Judaism are basically in accord with those of Orthodox Judaism, though Sephardic interpretations of halakhah (Jewish Law) are somewhat different than Ashkenazic ones. The best-known of these differences relates to the holiday of Pesach (Passover): Sephardic Jews may eat rice, corn, peanuts and beans during this holiday, while Ashkenazic Jews avoid them. Although some individual Sephardic Jews are less observant than others, and some individuals do not agree with all of the beliefs of traditional Judaism, there is no formal, organized differentiation into movements as there is in Ashkenazic Judaism.
Historically, Sephardic Jews have been more integrated into the local non-Jewish culture than Ashkenazic Jews. In the Christian lands where Ashkenazic Judaism flourished, the tension between Christians and Jews was great, and Jews tended to be isolated from their non-Jewish neighbors, either voluntarily or involuntarily. In the Islamic lands where Sephardic Judaism developed, there was less segregation and oppression. Sephardic Jewish thought and culture was strongly influenced by Arabic and Greek philosophy and science.
Sephardic Jews have a different pronunciation of a few Hebrew vowels and one Hebrew consonant, though most Ashkenazim are adopting Sephardic pronunciation now because it is the pronunciation used in Israel. SeeHebrew Alphabet. Sephardic prayer services are somewhat different from Ashkenazic ones, and Sephardim use different melodies in their services. Sephardic Jews also have different holiday customs and different traditional foods. For example, Ashkenazic Jews eat latkes (potato pancakes) to celebrate Chanukkah; Sephardic Jews eat sufganiot (jelly doughnuts).
The Yiddish language, which many people think of as the international language of Judaism, is really the language of Ashkenazic Jews. Sephardic Jews have their own international language: Ladino, which was based on Spanish and Hebrew in the same way that Yiddish was based on German and Hebrew.
Other Jewish Subcultures
There are some Jews who do not fit into this Ashkenazic/Sephardic distinction. Yemenite Jews, Ethiopian Jews (also known as Beta Israel and sometimes called Falashas), and Asian Jews also have some distinct customs and traditions. These groups, however, are relatively small and virtually unknown in America. For more information on Ethiopian Jewry, see the North American Conference on Ethiopian Jewry or Friends of Ethiopian Jews. For more information on Asian Jewry, see Jewish Asia.
COMING BACK TO OUR ORIGINAL TITLE:
DOES GOD HAVE A FUTURE FOR ISRAEL?
YES! READ ROMANS 11:25-26 AGAIN.
BUT "WHO ARE ISRAEL"?
THE PEOPLE IN THE PHOTOS BELOW ARE ALL JEWISH. WILL THEY BE "SAVED" AS IN "ALL ISRAEL"?
And, of course, when they think of religious Jews, they usually have this image in their minds:
Even more striking is the way women are stereotyped. Either as old (white) ladies fussing over their mini Woody Allens…
or young (white) JAPs, as that charming new reality show has painfully reminded us.
So, what’s a Jew to do? I thought I would do an exposé on the beautiful rainbow that is the Jewish people. A people that can’t be defined as a race or be put into a convenient box. A people that defy all stereotypes.
Shall we begin?
There’s something so powerful about this picture. Taken by a photographer named Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii in a rare instance of color photography for the time, it beautifully captures a teacher and his pupils. The funny thing is, most of us think of religious Jews as only wearing black and white. This colorful image destroys that conception, reminding us that Jews, for much of their history, and many of the places they lived in, were a colorful people.
We often forget that there was a thriving population of Jews in the Middle East until very recently. Patriotic Jews that strongly identified with the countries they lived in. Here is a powerful images of a Jewish “scout” group in Iraq in the early 20th century. Behind them is their club flag and the Iraqi flag of the time. They look so normal. They fit in so well.
Taken by the fantastic photographer, Frederic Brenner, from his series “Diaspora” of Jews in far-flung places like Yemen. What is sad about this image is that it is doubtful anyone similar is left in the country after years of persecution and flights to Israel.
This fantastic image is of just a few of the many Ethiopian Jews that reside in Israel. A group of people part of the Jewish people, fighting with the Jewish people, and helping create a special culture within Israel.
I ran into this image through Reddit, and most people had no idea who this guy was. Some were worried that this guy might not really be Jewish, showing an immediate prejudce about what a Jew is “supposed” to look like. So I posted it on my Facebook page, and next thing I knew, this guy Rastaboy Raslion, an awesome DJ in Tel Aviv, claimed the pic. Such a special picture, and shows no matter how we look, what kind of hair we have, there is no way to easily categorize Jews.
This image is of Gulienne Rollins-Rison, who was featured in a recent powerful piece in New York Magazine. She is married to Manishtana, a writer and self-proclaimed social activist, who was also featured. Sadly, even within the Jewish community itself, there can be a misconception that Jews are supposed to look a certain way. As Gulienne says, “As a Jew of color, you’re this mythical creature that supposedly doesn’t exist.
This photo is from the same series and is of my friend Baruch Arky and his wife Zehava, whose parents are Muslim and Christian. In my mind, I feel as even those of us who know that Jews of color are prevalent within the community assume that that they can’t possibly marry or integrate with the Ashkenazim of the bunch. As Zehava says, “Before I got married, when people would try to set me up, they would often set me up with another Jew of color, without considering if we might have anything else in common.”
I couldn’t pick just one from this incredible series of photographs profiling Chinese-Israelis. These men and women come from a community of Chinese people who have identified as Jewish for generations. However, because they passed Judaism through the father, when they decided to make Aliyah, Israel wouldn’t allow them to come without converting. This did not deter the ones who were determined to move, though. After years of going through the conversion process, half a dozen of them made Aliyah, accepted fully as Jews and Israelis, and another six are studying in Jerusalem and undergoing conversion.
DID JESUS LOOK LIKE THIS:
OR MAYBE THIS
OR MAYBE THIS
OR MAYBE THIS
OR MAYBE THIS (Mahatma Gandi and his equally short followers). Size and beauty is not a pre-requisite to gain support. IT IS THE TRUTH THAT WINS!
OR MAYBE THIS (Ikechi Anya of Watford FC). Short and not particularly good looking but very fast and like poetry in motion when he runs. Born in Scotland of African parents, Anya has risen from non-league football to International standard with Scotland and now Premier League with Watford from very humble origins, and all within three years!
OR MAYBE THIS
DO NOT DISMISS THESE LAST FEW IMAGES, AS THEY ARE NOT DIS-SIMILAR TO THE DESCRIPTION GIVEN FROM THIS FRESCO DATED VERY EARLY AROUND 325AD:
REMEMBER, THAT ISAIAH 53:2-3 TELLS US THAT JESUS "HAS NO FORM OR COMELINESS, AND WHEN WE SHALL SEE HIM, THERE IS NO BEAUTY THAT WE SHOULD DESIRE HIM. HE IS DESPISED AND REJECTED OF MAN, A MAN OF SORROWS, AND ACQUAINTED WITH GRIEF, AND WE HID AS IT WERE OUR FACES FROM HIM, HE WAS DESPISED AND WE ESTEEMED HIM NOT".THE FRESCO ABOVE HAS THE EARLIEST VISUAL DEPICTION OF JESUS KNOWN TO MAN. HE IS SHORT (APPROX 5 FEET 1 INCH TALL), WITH DARK EYES AND A DARK COMPLEXION, WITH A SMALL CURLY AFRO HAIRSTYLE, SHORT STRAGGLY BEARD, AND WITH A WEATHER BEATEN FACE, WHICH WOULD HAVE MADE HIM APPEAR OLDER!
This description has now been supported by the new science of forensic anthropology. In 2002 British forensic scientists and Israeli archaeologists reconstructed what they believe is the most accurate image of Jesus based off of data obtained from the multi-disciplinary approach.
In December 2002 Popular Science Magazine published a cover story on the findings which confirm that Jesus would have been short, around 5 feet 1 inch tall, hair “short with tight curls,” a weather-beaten face “which would have made him appear older,” dark eyes and complexion: “he probably looked a great deal more like a dark-skinned Semite than Westerners are used to seeing,” they concluded.
The textual, visual, and scientific evidence agrees, then: Jesus likely was a short, dark-skinned Semite with short curly hair and dark eyes.
SO, WHO ARE "ALL ISRAEL"? DO THEY LOOK LIKE THESE PEOPLE WHO WE TALKED ABOUT AT THE BEGINNING OF THIS STUDY?
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